Oscillations · Intermediate · ⏱ 35 min

Wave Interference & Superposition

Launch two wave sources, map their interference pattern, and locate the nodal lines. Visualize constructive vs destructive interference in real time.

Step 01

Place Two Wave Sources

Add two Wave Source objects to the canvas, 4 m apart. Set both to frequency f = 2 Hz and amplitude A = 1. Press Play and observe the wavefronts spreading outward.

Note: Use the Wave overlay (W key) to visualise wavefronts as colour contours. Cyan = crest, dark = trough.
Step 02

Identify Constructive Interference

Constructive interference occurs where two crests or two troughs meet. These points appear as bright spots in the overlay. Place a probe at one such point and confirm the amplitude is ≈ 2A.

Step 03

Find the Nodal Lines

Nodal lines (destructive interference) occur where the path difference equals a half-integer multiple of wavelength: Δd = (n + ½)λ. Move the probe along the canvas to find points where amplitude ≈ 0. Mark them and connect them — these are your nodal lines.

Note: The number of nodal lines visible depends on the source separation d and wavelength λ. For d = 4 m and λ = 1.5 m, you should find 5 nodal lines.
Step 04

Verify the Path-Difference Formula

Pick a nodal point and measure its distances d₁ and d₂ to each source using the ruler tool. Confirm that |d₁ − d₂| = (n + ½)λ for some integer n.

Step 05

Change Frequency and Observe

Increase the frequency to 4 Hz (halving the wavelength). Count the nodal lines again. The pattern becomes finer — more lines appear as the wavelength shortens.

Note: This is the basis of double-slit diffraction. Young's experiment (1801) used light waves — PHYSIX lets you recreate the same geometry with any frequency.
Key formula:
Δd = (n + ½)λ → destructive | Δd = nλ → constructive